Application of Nano-silicon and Nano-selenium Enhances Barley Photosynthetic Parameters and Yield Productivity under Saline Irrigation Water in Egypt

Freshwater sources for agriculture irrigation system are not accessible in all countries also not enough to increase food production thus using saline water for agriculture will be possible explanation for limiting water resources Egypt is on these countries that surfing of limiting conventional water resources for agriculture in Western deserts, Sinai, North Coast. Nonetheless Salinity stress is a vital abiotic stress that affect harmfully on crop production consequently using micronutrients elements could help the growth and yield of crops by increasing plant hydration situation, stimulation plant defense mechanisms for salinity stress. Thus in this study , lysimeter experiments during two growing seasons 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 were carried out to investigate the responses of four different concentration saline irrigation water using sea water mixing with well water (S1= 2.35, S2= 4.0 ,S3=S= 8.0, and 12.0 dSm-1) salinities levels stress and using two nutritional micronutrients Nano silica SiO2 NPs and Nano selenium Se NPs to investigated their effects on some photosynthetic and grain yield compounds traits characters of three Egyptian barley cultivars (Giza 132, Giza 137 and Giza 137). The results showed that increasing saline water irrigations caused a significant decreasing all of photosynthetic parameters by an average reduction (43.51, 4.62 and7.88 %) for maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm ratio), total chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf temperature under S4 level. Likewise increasing saline water irrigations caused a significant decreasing in yield and its yield compounds characters by average reduction 23.47% for grain yield (GY) while persuaded all barley cultivar to early flowering by an average 4.56 % under S4 treatment. Giza 137 was the saline water tolerance cultivars while Giza 132 was the salinity sensitive cultivars. Despite the fact, the results clearly indicate that using of SiO2 NPs and Se NPs caused significantly increased all of the photosynthetic parameters and yield and its compounds under saline water levels over than without using Nano elements of the three Egyptian cultivars. Analogous, the results clearly indicate that treatment of SiO2 NPs was more efficient than Se NPs, that GY was increasing by (24.95%) more than applicated by Se NPs was (14.8%) compere without using SiO2 NPs and under irrigated by saline water S4 for all cultivars, which GY showed significantly positive correlated with SiO2 NPs and Se NPs. The principal components analysis PCA described 100 % of both PCA1and PCA2 of the total changeability. Hence, the application of using SiO2 NPs and Se NPs will be more efficient in improving Barely Photosynthetic parameters and grain yield Productivity under using saline irrigation water in Egypt.