Methods for the Estimation of Bird Diversity in Urban Areas

Urbanization has significantly altered natural habitats, leading to shifts in bird diversity. Accurately estimating bird diversity in urban areas is crucial for conservation efforts, urban planning and ecological research. Various methodologies, including point counts, transect surveys, mist netting, acoustic monitoring and citizen science programmes, have been developed to assess avian diversity. Each method has its own set of advantages, limitations and applicability depending on habitat type, observer expertise and environmental conditions. This review synthesizes findings from several sources, offering insights into the best practices for bird diversity estimation in urban landscapes. Understanding these methods is essential for policymakers, conservationists and researchers working towards sustainable urban biodiversity management. This review critically examines these techniques, highlighting their advantages, limitations and applicability in diverse urban settings with a particular focus on their use in India. Additionally, the reliability and effectiveness of each method is discussed. The integration of multiple methods is recommended to improve data accuracy and to ensure a comprehensive assessment of avian biodiversity.